diff --git a/Devices/m5stack-papers3/source/drivers/papers3_power.cpp b/Devices/m5stack-papers3/source/drivers/papers3_power.cpp
index 8a60f7378..0fa67d438 100644
--- a/Devices/m5stack-papers3/source/drivers/papers3_power.cpp
+++ b/Devices/m5stack-papers3/source/drivers/papers3_power.cpp
@@ -192,17 +192,8 @@ static void destroy_power_supply_child(Device* child) {
 // region Driver lifecycle
 
 static error_t acquire_input(const GpioPinSpec& pin, GpioDescriptor** out_descriptor) {
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire_pin_spec(&pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    if (descriptor == nullptr) {
-        return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-    }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT);
-    if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        gpio_descriptor_release(descriptor);
-        return error;
-    }
-    *out_descriptor = descriptor;
-    return ERROR_NONE;
+    *out_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    return (*out_descriptor != nullptr) ? ERROR_NONE : ERROR_RESOURCE;
 }
 
 static error_t start(Device* device) {
@@ -226,13 +217,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    internal->power_off_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire_pin_spec(config, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    if (internal->power_off_descriptor == nullptr ||
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->power_off_descriptor, config->pin_power_off.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-        LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure power-off pin");
-        if (internal->power_off_descriptor != nullptr) {
-            gpio_descriptor_release(internal->power_off_descriptor);
-        }
+    internal->power_off_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_power_off.gpio_controller, config->pin_power_off.pin, config->pin_power_off.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    if (internal->power_off_descriptor == nullptr) {
         gpio_descriptor_release(internal->usb_detect_descriptor);
         gpio_descriptor_release(internal->charge_status_descriptor);
         delete internal;
diff --git a/Drivers/audio-codec-module/source/audio_codec_gpio_if.c b/Drivers/audio-codec-module/source/audio_codec_gpio_if.c
index 7e869c696..05a7531b9 100644
--- a/Drivers/audio-codec-module/source/audio_codec_gpio_if.c
+++ b/Drivers/audio-codec-module/source/audio_codec_gpio_if.c
@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ static struct GpioDescriptor* acquire_descriptor(int16_t gpio, gpio_flags_t flag
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(spec->gpio_controller, spec->pin, flags, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(
+        spec->gpio_controller, spec->pin, spec->flags | flags, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO
+    );
     if (descriptor != NULL) {
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, spec->flags);
         g_context->descriptors[gpio] = descriptor;
     }
     return descriptor;
@@ -55,6 +56,13 @@ static int gpio_setup(int16_t gpio, audio_gpio_dir_t dir, audio_gpio_mode_t mode
 
     gpio_descriptor_get_flags(descriptor, &flags);
     flags &= ~(GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_DOWN);
+    flags |= (dir == AUDIO_GPIO_DIR_OUT) ? GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT : GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT;
+    if ((mode & AUDIO_GPIO_MODE_PULL_UP) != 0) {
+        flags |= GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
+    }
+    if ((mode & AUDIO_GPIO_MODE_PULL_DOWN) != 0) {
+        flags |= GPIO_FLAG_PULL_DOWN;
+    }
 
     return (gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, flags) == ERROR_NONE) ? ESP_CODEC_DEV_OK : ESP_CODEC_DEV_DRV_ERR;
 }
diff --git a/Drivers/button-control-module/source/button_control.cpp b/Drivers/button-control-module/source/button_control.cpp
index adc376fdb..9facf5e60 100644
--- a/Drivers/button-control-module/source/button_control.cpp
+++ b/Drivers/button-control-module/source/button_control.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static error_t acquire_button(const GpioPinSpec& pin, uint32_t short_press_key,
         return ERROR_NONE;
     }
 
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire GPIO descriptor");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
diff --git a/Drivers/cst816t-module/source/cst816t.cpp b/Drivers/cst816t-module/source/cst816t.cpp
index ba704b8de..c66ed825f 100644
--- a/Drivers/cst816t-module/source/cst816t.cpp
+++ b/Drivers/cst816t-module/source/cst816t.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct Cst816tInternal {
 // datasheet's Tpor/Tron minimum of 100ms), pulses it low for 10ms (Trst minimum is 0.1ms), then
 // waits another 100ms (Tron) for the chip to finish reinitializing before any I2C traffic.
 static error_t reset_pulse(GpioDescriptor* descriptor) {
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false) == ERROR_NONE;
+    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
     ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
diff --git a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c.cpp b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c.cpp
index 3dc2428e0..fd328e477 100644
--- a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c.cpp
+++ b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c.cpp
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     auto dts_config = GET_CONFIG(device);
 
     auto& sda_spec = dts_config->pinSda;
-    auto* sda_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(sda_spec.gpio_controller, sda_spec.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* sda_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(sda_spec.gpio_controller, sda_spec.pin, sda_spec.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (!sda_descriptor) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire pin %u", sda_spec.pin);
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
     auto& scl_spec = dts_config->pinScl;
-    auto* scl_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(scl_spec.gpio_controller, scl_spec.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* scl_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(scl_spec.gpio_controller, scl_spec.pin, scl_spec.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (!scl_descriptor) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire pin %u", scl_spec.pin);
         gpio_descriptor_release(sda_descriptor);
diff --git a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c_master.cpp b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c_master.cpp
index 8eed4342e..76c8b36fb 100644
--- a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c_master.cpp
+++ b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i2c_master.cpp
@@ -184,14 +184,14 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     auto dts_config = GET_CONFIG(device);
 
     auto& sda_spec = dts_config->pinSda;
-    auto* sda_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(sda_spec.gpio_controller, sda_spec.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* sda_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(sda_spec.gpio_controller, sda_spec.pin, sda_spec.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (!sda_descriptor) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire pin %u", sda_spec.pin);
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
     auto& scl_spec = dts_config->pinScl;
-    auto* scl_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(scl_spec.gpio_controller, scl_spec.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* scl_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(scl_spec.gpio_controller, scl_spec.pin, scl_spec.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (!scl_descriptor) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire pin %u", scl_spec.pin);
         gpio_descriptor_release(sda_descriptor);
diff --git a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i8080.cpp b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i8080.cpp
index 432a777f4..4ec072d6d 100644
--- a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i8080.cpp
+++ b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_i8080.cpp
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     const auto* config = GET_CONFIG(device);
 
     bool pins_ok =
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_dc, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->dc_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_wr, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->wr_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_rd, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->rd_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_dc, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->dc_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_wr, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->wr_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_rd, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->rd_descriptor) &&
         acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_d0, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->d0_descriptor) &&
         acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_d1, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->d1_descriptor) &&
         acquire_pin_or_set_null(config->pin_d2, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->d2_descriptor) &&
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     // RD is never toggled by the i80 LCD peripheral (write-only bus); drive it high once so the
     // panel doesn't see spurious read strobes.
     if (data->rd_descriptor != nullptr) {
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(data->rd_descriptor, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
         gpio_descriptor_set_level(data->rd_descriptor, true);
     }
 
diff --git a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_sdmmc.cpp b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_sdmmc.cpp
index b80d29abc..16d850386 100644
--- a/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_sdmmc.cpp
+++ b/Platforms/platform-esp32/source/drivers/esp32_sdmmc.cpp
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
 
     // Acquire pins from the specified GPIO pin specs. Optional pins are allowed.
     bool pins_ok =
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_clk, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->pin_clk_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_cmd, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->pin_cmd_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d0, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d0_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d1, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d1_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d2, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d2_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d3, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d3_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d4, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d4_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d5, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d5_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d6, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d6_descriptor) &&
-        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d7, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d7_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_clk, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_clk_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_cmd, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &data->pin_cmd_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d0, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d0_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d1, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d1_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d2, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d2_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d3, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d3_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d4, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d4_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d5, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d5_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d6, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d6_descriptor) &&
+        acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_d7, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT_OUTPUT, &data->pin_d7_descriptor) &&
         acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_cd, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->pin_cd_descriptor) &&
         acquire_pin_or_set_null(sdmmc_config->pin_wp, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, &data->pin_wp_descriptor);
 
diff --git a/TactilityKernel/source/drivers/gpio_hog.cpp b/TactilityKernel/source/drivers/gpio_hog.cpp
index 92fb394c7..408faf79c 100644
--- a/TactilityKernel/source/drivers/gpio_hog.cpp
+++ b/TactilityKernel/source/drivers/gpio_hog.cpp
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin.gpio_controller, config->pin.pin, flags, GPIO_OWNER_HOG);
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin.gpio_controller, config->pin.pin, config->pin.flags | flags, GPIO_OWNER_HOG);
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire GPIO descriptor");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    if (gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, initial_high) != ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (initial_high && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, initial_high) != ERROR_NONE) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to set initial level to %d", (int)initial_high);
         gpio_descriptor_release(descriptor);
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;